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The rings of xylem that are visible in a cross-section of the stem, branches, and roots of some trees. In temperate zones, the rings typically represent one year of growth and are sometimes called annual rings.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance's point of origin.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe central wood in a branch or stem is characterized by being composed of dead cells, more resistant to decay, generally darker, and harder than the outer sapwood. Trees may or may not have heartwood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA chemical compound combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a proportion of C:2H:0 (CH20), that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis (sugars) or derived from assimilates (starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin).
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The pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood.
Diffuse porous
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsRing porous
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGrowth rings
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsRoot mat
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The waxy layer outside the epidermis of a leaf that slows water loss and helps protect the leaf from insects and diseases.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPlant vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators bidirectionally (up and down). Situated on the inside of the bark: just outside the cambium.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe main water and mineral-conducting (unidirectional up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises (inward)from the cambium and becomes wood after lignifying.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous.
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Guard Cells
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsTropism
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsAdventitious Bud
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsEpicormic Shoot
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A leaf's stalk or support axis between the stem and the blade.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA point on a stem from which leaves, branches, and aerial roots are attached.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA symbiotic association between certain fungi and the absorbing roots of plants.
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Root and stem growth in length. Occurs in apical and lateral meristems.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA compound that is effective in small quantities that affect the growth and or development of plants. May be naturally produced (hormone) or synthetic.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA portion of an annual ring (growth ring) formed during summer, characterized by small-diameter cells with thick walls. Summerwood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe increase in root and stem girth or diameter. Occurs at lateral or secondary meristems in some vascular plants, such as dicots.
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Frond
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCambium
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPhloem
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsMeristem
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The lateral movement of substances perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree or stem.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsWater vapor loss, primarily through the stomata of leaves.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA general term for the sugars and other carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis.
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The increase in root and stem girth or diameter. Occurs at lateral or secondary meristems in some vascular plants, such as dicots.
Source
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGuard cells
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsSecondary growth
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPrimary growth
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The organic substance that impregnates secondary cell walls that thickens and strengthens the cell and: at times, reduces susceptibility to decay and pest damage.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees. Sometimes interpreted as compart mentalization of damage or dysfunction in trees.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsDiffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower salt concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher salt concentration).
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe portion of an annual ring (growth ring) that forms during summer characterized by small-diameter cells with thick walls. Summerwood.
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Bark that becomes embedded in the union between the branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Lacks wood connections, resulting in a weak structure.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned Tagsthe swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch and is created by overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA root that arises by cell division in the pericycle of the parent root and then penetrates the cortex and epidermis.
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Downward-growing roots that provide anchorage and take up water and minerals. Especially useful during periods of drought.
Aerial roots
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsSinker roots
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsEvergreen
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsReaction zone
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A process in developing cells in which they become specialized for various functions.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe root that arises by cell division in the pericycle of the parent root and then penetrates the cortex and epidermis.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe area at the base of a petiole, small branch, or flower where cellular breakdown leads to a leaf, flower, or fruit drop.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe increase in root and stem girth or diameter. Occurs at lateral or secondary meristems in some vascular plants, such as dicots.
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Plant growth is produced as a response to the force of gravity, either positive as in the direction of gravity (roots) or negative as in opposite the direction of gravity (shoots).
Phototropism
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGymnosperm
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPhotosynthesis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGeotropism
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An area where the main roots join the plant stems, usually at or near ground level.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of plants.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe region of the stem between two successive nodes.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA tree or other plant that sheds all of its foliage annually.
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An elongated, tapering xylem cell that is dead at maturity and is adapted for the support and transport of water and elements
Symbiosis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGuard Cells
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsHeartwood
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsTracheid
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Distension in a plant cell caused by its fluid contents.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe shoot arising from a dormant bud or newly formed adventitious tissue.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe growing point in buds and at the tips of shoots and roots.
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Apical Meristem
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsOsmosis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsAxial Transport
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsSymbiosis
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Plant vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators bidirectionally (up and down). Situated on the inside of the bark: just outside the cambium.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsSeparation of wood at the growth rings (ring shake) or rays (radial shake), often along the barrier zone that forms in the compartmentalization process (CODIT).
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe main water and mineral-conducting (unidirectional up only) tissue in trees and other plants. Provides structural support. Arises (inward)from the cambium and becomes wood after lignifying.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance's point of origin.
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Plant hormones that promote or regulate the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsAn association of two different types of living organisms that is not detrimental to either organism and is beneficial to one: and usually both, of the organisms.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA process in green plants (and in algae and some bacteria) by which light energy is used to form glucose (chemical energy) from water and carbon dioxide.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe undifferentiated tissue in which active cell division takes place. Found in the root tips, buds, cambium, cork cambium, and latent buds.
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The area where the main roots join the plant stems, usually at or near ground level. Root collar.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe region at the base of a palm stem where lateral roots emerge.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe process in developing cells in which they become specialized for various functions.
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Cell Nucleus
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCell Turgor
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsGuard Cells
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCell Division
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Plants with exposed seeds, usually within cones. The classes Ginkgopsida and Coniferopsida are members of the group.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe red or purple pigment responsible for those colors in some parts of plants.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe area at the base of a petiole, small branch, or flower where cellular breakdown leads to leaf, flower, or fruit drop.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA tree or other plant that sheds all of its foliage progressively over a period of years rather than annually.
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The region between the tropics and permafrost zones where temperature ranges and conditions permit plant growth.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower salt concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher salt concentration).
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA thin layer(s) of meristematic cells that give rise (outward) to the phloem and (inward) to the xylem: which results in secondary growth(increasing diameter) of stems and roots.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe tendency of growth or variation of a plant in response to an external stimulus, such as gravity or light.
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Growing point in buds and at the tips of shoots and roots.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsProcess of increasing plant numbers, both sexually and asexually.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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The substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance's point of origin.
Plant Hormone
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPlant Growth Regulator
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCalcium-binding Protein
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsTransmembrane Receptor
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Included bark
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsBranch bark ridge
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsRoot mat
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsRoot initiation zone
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Bark that becomes embedded in the union between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. Lacks wood connections, resulting in a weak structure.
Branch Bark Ridge
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsApical Dominance
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsIncluded Bark
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsBranch Collar
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Plant hormones involved in cell division, leaf expansion, and other physiological processes. Compounds with cytokinin-like activity may be synthetically produced.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe area at the base of a petiole, small branch, or flower where cellular breakdown leads to leaf, flower, or fruit drop.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA chemical and anatomical barrier the cambium forms in response to wounding. It inhibits the spread of decay into xylem tissue formed after the time of wounding. Wall 4 in the CODIT model.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance's point of origin.
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Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower salt concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher salt concentration).
Symbiosis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsOsmosis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPhotosynthesis
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsRespiration
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The swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch that is created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
Included Bark
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsBranch Collar
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsLateral Root
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Acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees. Sometimes interpreted as compartmentalization of damage or dysfunction in trees.
PHLOEM
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCODIT
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsDECURRENT
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsSINK
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The pattern of wood development in which the large-diameter vessels are concentrated in the earlywood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA substance produced by a plant that, in low concentrations, affects physiological processes such as growth and development, often at a distance from the substance's point of origin.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsWater vapor loss, primarily through the stomata of leaves.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA cluster of flowers.
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Plant hormones that promote or regulate the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsDiffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of higher water potential (lower salt concentration) to a region of lower water potential (higher salt concentration).
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe chemical compound, combining carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a proportion of C:2H:0, that is produced by plants as a result of photosynthesis (sugars) or derived from assimilates (starches, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin).
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsIn physiology, the plant part that produces carbohydrates. Most green parts are sources because the presence of chlorophyll is indicative of photosynthesis, including mature leaves and green bark.
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A raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe increase in root and stem girth or diameter. Occurs at lateral or secondary meristems in some vascular plants, such as dicots.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA process in green plants (and in algae and some bacteria) by which light energy is used to form glucose (chemical energy) from water and carbon dioxide.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe condition in which the terminal bud inhibits the growth and development of the lateral buds on the same stem formed during the same season.
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Plant hormones that promote or regulate the growth and development of plants. Produced at sites where cells are dividing, primarily in the shoot tips. Auxin-like compounds may be synthetically produced.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA plant's vascular tissue that transports photosynthates and growth regulators bidirectionally (up and down). Situated on the inside of the bark: just outside the cambium.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned Tagsplant hormones involved in cell division, leaf expansion, and other physiological processes. Compounds with cytokinin-like activity may be synthetically produced.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA plant with seeds borne in an ovary. Consists of two large groups: monocotyledons (grasses, palms, and related plants) and dicotyledons (most woody trees, shrubs, herbaceous.
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The general term for the sugars and other carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis.
Chloroplast
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsPhotosynthate
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCarbohydrate
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsXylem
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The portion of an annual ring (growth ring) that forms during summer characterized by small-diameter cells with thick walls. Summerwood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsThe outer wood (xylem) with living cells that are active in the longitudinal transport of water and solutes.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA portion of an annual ring (growth ring) that forms after a period of dormancy, characterized by large-diameter cells and thin walls (in ring-porous species). Also called Springwood.
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsA central, vertical root growing directly below the main stem or trunk that may or may not persist into plant maturity.
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Internode
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Add RecommendationAdd TagsView All Assigned TagsCuticle
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Tracheid
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