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Cutting leaves, shoots, and branches to a desired plane, shape, or form, using tools designed for that purpose, as with topiary (hedge).
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The acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees. Sometimes interpreted as compartmentalization of damage or dysfunction in trees.
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The reduction of tree size by cutting live branches and leaders to stubs without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity.
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The selective removal of branches to guide and/or discourage growth in a particular direction.
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The selective removal of branches to guide and/or discourage growth in a particular direction.
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In pruning, branches left in place for the life of the tree, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.
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The defined purpose(s) for pruning (e.g., provide clearance, reduce risk).
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The point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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Scaffold Branches
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Pruning Objectives
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Lion Tailing
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Wound Dressing
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Between the nodes on a stem.
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A secondary or subordinate branch or root.
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A compound applied to tree wounds or pruning cuts.
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A cluster of flowers.
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Codominant Stems
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Pruning System
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Wound Dressing
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Branch Union
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(1) To prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders. (2) Dominated by other trees, branches, or parts; suppressed.
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Bark that becomes embedded in the union between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. It lacks wood connections, resulting in a weak structure.
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A plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation.
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A swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch is created by overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
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A pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union or a parent stem; a pruning cut that removes a branch at its point of origin.
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A pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems or one or more codominant stems to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed.
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In pruning, branches left in place for the life of the tree, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.
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A pruning cut that removes a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one-third the diameter of the stem being removed.
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In pruning, branches that will be left in place for the life of the tree, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.
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Branches (generally lower branches) that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later.
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Permanent branches that form the scaffold or structure of a tree.
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The point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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A pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems or one or more codominant stems to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed.
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A pruning cut that removes a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one-third the diameter of the stem being removed.
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A poor pruning practice in which an excessive number of branches are removed from the inside and lower part of specific limbs or a tree crown, leaving mostly terminal foliage. It results in poor branch taper, poor wind load distribution, and a higher risk of branch failure.
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Pruning to improve the structure, form, and appearance of trees that have been vandalized, damaged, or improperly trimmed.
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A formal pruning system that uses a combination of pruning, supporting, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape. Hedging is a subset of topiary.
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The reduction of tree size by cutting live branches and leaders to stubs without regard to long-term tree health or structural integrity.
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Dominated by other trees, branches, or parts; suppressed.
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The primary terminal shoot or trunk of a tree. It is a large, usually upright stem that dominates a portion of the crown by suppressing lateral branches.
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A pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems or one or more codominant stems to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed.
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(1) To prune to reduce the size and the ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders. (2) Dominated by other trees, branches, or parts; suppressed.
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A poor pruning practice in which an excessive number of branches are removed from the inside and lower part of specific limbs or a tree crown, leaving mostly terminal foliage. It results in poor branch taper, poor wind load distribution, and a higher risk of branch failure.
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A swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
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In pruning, branches left in place for the tree’s life, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.
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Pruning to influence the orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachment, and ultimate size of branches and stems.
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Pruning to reduce interference with people, activities, infrastructure, buildings, traffic, lines of sight, desired views, or the health and growth of other plants.
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Branches (generally lower branches) that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later.
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Forked branches of nearly the same diameter, arising from a common union and lacking a branch collar, may have included bark.

Branch Bark Ridge
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Permanent Branches
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Subordinate
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Codominant Stems
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A branch-removal technique consisting of an undercut and then a top cut, usually made farther out on the branch, followed by a third cut to remove the stub.

Lateral
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Three-cut Method
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Topping
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CODIT
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A formal pruning system using a combination of pruning, supporting, and training branches to orient a plant into a desired shape. Hedging is a subset of topiary.
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The acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees. Sometimes interpreted as compartmentalization of damage or dysfunction in trees.
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A technique or procedure applied to develop the desired long-term form of the plant.
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The primary terminal shoot or trunk of a tree. It is a large, usually upright stem that dominates a portion of the crown by suppressing lateral branches.
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A pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union or a parent stem; a pruning cut that removes a branch at its point of origin.
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A pruning cut that removes the larger of two or more branches or stems or one or more codominant stems to a live lateral branch, typically at least one-third the diameter of the stem or branch being removed.
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Pruning to improve the structure, form, and appearance of trees that have been vandalized, damaged, or improperly trimmed.
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A pruning cut that removes a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one-third the diameter of the stem being removed.
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Branches (generally lower branches) that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later.

Directional Pruning
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Structural Pruning
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Temporary Branches
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Scaffold Branches
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The defined purpose(s) for pruning (e.g., provide clearance, reduce risk).
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Permanent branches forming the scaffold or structure of a tree.
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The point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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Pruning to decrease the height and/or spread of a branch or crown.
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Cutting leaves, shoots, and branches to a desired plane, shape, or form, using tools designed for that purpose, as with topiary (hedge).

Watersprout
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Reduction
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Shearing
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Subordinate
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Pruning to reduce interference with people, activities, infrastructure, buildings, traffic, lines of sight, desired views, or the health and growth of other plants.
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A raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
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Chemically and physically modified tissue within the trunk or parent branch at the base of a smaller, subordinate branch that slows the spread of discoloration and decay from the subordinate stem into the trunk or parent branch.
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A swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch is created by overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
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The acronym for compartmentalization of decay in trees. Sometimes interpreted as compartmentalization of damage or dysfunction in trees.

Codominant Stems
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Shearing
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Topping
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CODIT
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A swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.

Branch Removal Cut
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Branch Collar
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Branch Union
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Branch Bark Ridge
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A cluster of flowers.
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A compound applied to tree wounds or pruning cuts.
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Between the nodes on a stem.
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Bark that becomes embedded in the union between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. It lacks wood connections, resulting in a weak structure.
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A pruning cut removing a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one-third the diameter of the stem being removed.
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An upright, epicormic shoot arising from the trunk or branches of a plant above the root graft or soil line. It is incorrectly called a sucker.
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In pruning, branches left in place for the life of the tree, often forming the initial scaffold framework of a tree.
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(l) To prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders. (2) Dominated by other trees, branches, or parts; suppressed.
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Lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding.

Woundwood
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ANSIA300
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Reduction
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Watersprout
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Pruning to influence the orientation, spacing, growth rate, strength of attachment, and ultimate size of branches and stems.
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Branches (generally lower branches) that are left in place or subordinated but will be removed later.
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A pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union or a parent stem; a pruning cut that removes a branch at its point of origin.
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Pruning to decrease the height and/or spread of a branch or crown.
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Pruning to decrease the height and/or spread of a branch or crown.
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A large, divided leaf structure found in palms and ferns.
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The point where a branch originates from the trunk or another branch.
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Lignified, differentiated tissues produced on woody plants as a response to wounding.
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To prune to reduce the size and ensuing growth of a branch in relation to other branches or leaders.
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Pruning to improve the structure, form, and appearance of trees that have been vandalized, damaged, or improperly trimmed.
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A pruning cut that removes a branch or stem between nodes (leaving a stub), to a bud, or to a live branch that is less than one-third the diameter of the stem being removed.
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Bark that becomes embedded in the union between branch and trunk or between codominant stems. It lacks wood connections, resulting in a weak structure.
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Included Bark
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Internodal
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Lateral
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Watersprout
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A swollen area where a branch joins the trunk or another branch created by the overlapping vascular tissues from both the branch and the trunk.
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A pruning cut that removes the smaller of two branches at a union or a parent stem; a pruning cut that removes a branch at its point of origin.
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A raised strip of bark at the top of a branch union, where the growth and expansion of the trunk or parent stem and adjoining branch push the bark into a ridge.
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A plant growth regulator that inhibits the action of the plant hormone gibberellin, which, among other things, regulates cell elongation.
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